Pterioidea is a superfamily of epifaunal marine bivalves mostly inhabiting continental shelf regions of tropical and subtropical oceans. The superfamily includes the economically-important saltwater pearl oysters as well as the oddly shaped hammer oysters (neither of which, however, is considered a true oyster). A number of species have found use as model organisms in the fields of medicine and science.

It includes the following three accepted living families:

• Malleidae, the hammer oysters, Lamarck, 1818
• Pteriidae, the pearl oysters, tree oysters, and winged oysters, Gray, 1847 (1820)
• Pulvinitidae, a family of rare deep sea oysters, no common name, Stephenson, 1941

Fossil families include:

• Family †Aviculopectinidae
• Family †Bakevelliidae
• Family †Cassianellidae
• Family †Isognomonidae
• Family †Kochiidae
• Family †Pergamidiidae
• Family †Plicatostylidae
• Family †Posidoniidae
• Family †Pterineidae
• Family †Retroceramidae

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