Acanthobdellidea is an infraclass of primitive leeches; some authors place them in a separate subclass from the Hirudinea. However, the World Register of Marine Species places them within the Hirudinea, as a sister group to Euhirudinea, the true leeches.

Species in the group include Acanthobdella peledina, described by the German zoologist Adolph Eduard Grube in 1851, and A. livanowi, described in 1966.

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