Acherontia atropos, the African death's-head hawkmoth, is the most widely recognized of three species within the genus Acherontia (the other two being Acherontia lachesis and Acherontia styx). It is most commonly identified by the vaguely skull-shaped pattern adorning the thorax, the characteristic from which its common and scientific names are derived. The species was first given its scientific name by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae.

Death's-head hawk moths are large, ranging from 3.5 to 5 inches (80–120 mm) as adults. The upper wings are dark, creating a stark contrast between them and the lower wings, which range from a bright yellow to a light cream, yellow being the more common.

A. atropos appears in popular fiction and media, including The Silence of the Lambs (1991), Dracula (1958), and The Blood Beast Terror (1967).

It is commonly found in Southern Europe and throughout much of Africa, from where it is considered to be a native species. Annually, A. atropos migrates to parts of Great Britain, most numerously to the British Isles, where it is less commonly seen than in its native place of residency. However, sometimes it appears as far north as above the Arctic Circle, e.g. in northern Sweden (68°12’21.3”N 21°50’18.1”E).

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