Acinocheirodon is a monospecific genus of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cheirodontinae, the only species in the genus is Acinocheirodon melanogramma, a characin. This species is found in tributaries of the São Francisco and Jequitinhonha Rivers in Brazil. A. melanogramma is found in clearwater streams with a moderate current and in backwaters. This species has a maximum standard length of 3.8 cm (1.5 in). The populations in the São Francisco River and in the Jequitinhonha River are morphologically distinct.

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