Amatitlania is a genus of cichlid fishes native to freshwater habitats in Central America from El Salvador and Guatemala to Panama. They are fairly small cichlids, typically reaching up to 6.4–10 cm (2.5–4 in) in standard length depending on exact species, although captives may grow larger.

Several Amatitlania species are regularly kept in aquariums, especially the convict cichlids, which are aggressively territorial, but some others in the genus are less pugnacious. Some Amatitlania species have small ranges and are considered threatened, primarily due to habitat loss and pollution. Six are regarded as priority species in the CARES program, which aims to ensure their survival through captive breeding.

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