Aspidosperma polyneuron, commonly known as Peroba and Peroba Rosa, is a species of tree native to eastern and southern Brazil, northeastern Argentina (Misiones Province), and Paraguay in eastern South America, and to Colombia, Peru, and Venezuela in northwestern South America. It is a characteristic tree of the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil. In addition, it is useful for beekeeping.

It is a popular timber tree, and has been over-exploited across parts of its range. The IUCN Red List assesses the species as Endangered.

A carboline alkaloid contained in Aspidosperma polyneuron is called Polyneuridine.

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