Bombus hyperboreus is a species of Arctic bumblebee with a circumpolar distribution. The species is primarily found in the arctic areas of Canada, Greenland, northern Scandinavia, and Russia. In 2015, Bombus natvigi, from the Nearctic, was separated from this species, based on genetic analysis. Subsequent studies considered the genetic differentiation too weak for species status, but instead treat natvigi as a subspecies of hyperboreus. Accordingly, Bombus hyperboreus is now considered to have one subspecies (hyperboreus) limited to the Palaearctic, and the other (natvigi) occurring in North America and Greenland.

It is a brood parasite, and attacks and enslaves other bumblebee colonies in order to reproduce as they do not even have the ability to produce workers themselves. Most of its targets are colonies of species of the same subgenus, Alpinobombus.

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