Catolechia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Rhizocarpaceae. It is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Catolechia wahlenbergii. The genus was circumscribed by German botanist Julius von Flotow in 1850. He did not assign a type species for the genus; Catolechia pulchella A.Massal. (1852) was designated as the type by Gustav Wilhelm Körber in 1855. This species is synonymous with Catolechia wahlenbergii.

Several species that were originally described as a member of Catolechia have since been transferred to other genera. Examples include:

• Catolechia flavovirescens Flot. (1849) = Arthrorhaphis citrinella
• Catolechia glomerulans Müll.Arg. (1892) = Monerolechia glomerulans
• Catolechia lactea A.Massal. (1852) = Buellia lactea
• Catolechia marginulata Müll.Arg. (1892) = Buellia marginulata
• Catolechia moriopsis A.Massal. (1852) = Orphniospora moriopsis
• Catolechia pyxinoides Müll.Arg. (1861) = Pyxine pyxinoides
• Catolechia subcoronata Müll.Arg. (1892) = Buellia subcoronata
• Catolechia tenuis Müll.Arg. (1861) = Dimelaena tenuis
• Catolechia wahlenbergii ß alpina (Schaer.) Flot. (1849) = Bellemerea alpina

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