Cynocephalus may refer to;

• Cynocephaly, a Greek word, literally meaning "dog-head", for a number of mythical creatures with the heads or faces of dogs
• Philippine flying lemur (Cynocephalus volans), one of two species of flying lemurs
• Yellow baboon (Papio cynocephalus), a baboon from the Old World monkey family
• Kinda baboon (Papio cynocephalus kindae), a subspecies of baboon
• Thylacine (Thylacinus cynocephalus), commonly known as the Tasmanian tiger
• Rainette nébuleuse (Scinax cynocephalus), a species of frog in the family Hylidae

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