Leiocephalus barahonensis, commonly known as the orange-bellied curlytail or Barahona curlytail lizard, is a species of lizard in the family Leiocephalidae (curly-tailed lizard). It is endemic to Hispaniola, including some outlying islands.

Five subspecies are recognized:

• Leiocephalus barahonensis barahonensis Schmidt, 1921
• Leiocephalus barahonensis altavelensis Noble and Hassler, 1933
• Leiocephalus barahonensis aureus Cochran, 1934
• Leiocephalus barahonensis beatanus Noble, 1923
• Leiocephalus barahonensis oxygaster Schmidt, 1967

However, IUCN and "Amphibians and reptiles of Caribbean Islands" treat Leiocephalus barahonensis altavelensis as a separate species, Leiocephalus altavelensis. This species/subspecies is endemic to Alto Velo Island and considered "critically endangered" with a total population size that is no more than 500 individuals.

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