Lepidurus is a genus of small crustaceans in the order Notostraca (tadpole shrimp). It is the larger of the two extant genera of the tadpole shrimps, the other being Triops. They are commonly found in vernal pools and survive dry periods with the help of long lasting resting eggs.

The genus contains the following species:

• Lepidurus apus (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Lepidurus arcticus (Pallas, 1793)
• Lepidurus batesoni Longhurst, 1955
• Lepidurus bilobatus Packard, 1883
• Lepidurus couesii Packard, 1875
• Lepidurus cryptus D. C. Rogers, 2001
• Lepidurus lemmoni Holmes, 1894
• Lepidurus mongolicus Vekhoff, 1992
• Lepidurus packardi Simon, 1886

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