Microbiota is a monotypic genus of evergreen coniferous shrubs in the cypress family Cupressaceae, containing only one species, Microbiota decussata (Siberian cypress, or Russian arborvitae). The plant is native and endemic to a limited area of the Sikhote-Alin mountains in Primorskiy Krai in the Russian Far East. The genus name Microbiota is not to be confused with the term "microbiota" for the range of micro-organisms of a life system. The genus name is derived from micro-, meaning "small", + Biota, a synonym of the genus Platycladus, a closely related conifer genus with the sole species Platycladus orientalis.

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