Niphon or Nephon may refer to:

• Japan (Nippon, Nihon) or the main island Honshu
• Saint Niphon of Constantia (4th century), Bishop of Constantia on Cyprus, feast day December 23
• Saint Niphont of Novgorod (died 1156), Bishop of Novgorod, feast day April 8
• Nephon I of Constantinople (died 1328), Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople 1310–1314
• Niphon of Alexandria, Greek Patriarch of Alexandria 1366–1385
• Saint Niphon Kausokalybites of Mount Athos (1316–1411), Greek Orthodox monk
• Saint Nephon II of Constantinople (died 1508), Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople 1486–1488, 1497–1498, and 1502
• USS Niphon (1863), a steam ship of Union Navy in the American Civil War
• Niphon spinosus, a species of marine ray-finned fish commonly called the ara

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