Orphniospora is a small genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Fuscideaceae. The genus was established in 1874 by the German lichenologist Gustav Wilhelm Körber and comprises three saxicolous (rock-dwelling) crustose species. These lichens are distinguished by their unusual spores, which are nearly spherical, single-celled, and produced only a few at a time in each spore-bearing structure. Despite being placed in the family Fuscideaceae in recent classifications, molecular studies have shown that Orphniospora does not actually belong to this family, leaving its correct taxonomic position uncertain.

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