Pediculus is a genus of sucking lice, the sole genus in the family Pediculidae. Pediculus species are ectoparasites of primates.

Species include:

• Pediculus clavicornis Nitzsch, 1864
• Pediculus humanus Linnaeus, 1758
  • Pediculus humanus humanus Linnaeus, 1758 – the body louse
  • Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer, 1767 – the head louse
• Pediculus mjobergi Ferris, 1916
• Pediculus schaeffi Fahrenholz, 1910

Humans are the hosts of Pediculus humanus. Chimpanzees and bonobos host Pediculus shaeffi. Various New World monkeys in the families Cebidae and Atelidae host Pediculus mjobergi.

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