Polytrichum hyperboreum (commonly referred to as Arctic haircap moss) is a species of moss belonging to the genus Polytrichum, commonly found throughout arctic regions of the world. Members of this dioecious species readily produces sporophytes with their sporophytic structure, consisting of a foot, seta, capsule, and a hairy calyptra, similar to other Polytrichum species. Polytrichum hyperboreum is distinguishable by certain unique features of there gametophytic structure that sets them apart from other genus members.

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