Populus ilicifolia, the Tana River poplar, is a species of poplar in the family Salicaceae. It is found in Kenya and Tanzania from 1°N to 3°S latitude, 37°E to 41°E latitude, at altitudes of 10–1,200 m; it is the southernmost member of its genus in the world. It is threatened by habitat loss. It requires a riverine climate.

It is an evergreen tree growing to 30 m tall with a trunk up to 1.5 m diameter. It is used locally as an avenue tree, and its timber is used for making beehives, mortars, dugout canoes and fences.

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