Tanichthys is a genus of freshwater fish, it is the only genus in the family Tanichthyidae in the order Cypriniformes. They are native to rivers and streams in China and Vietnam. Until recently, the type species, T. albonubes, was the only one known. In 2001, however, Jörg Freyhof and Fabian Herder described a new and very similar species, T. micagemmae, from the Ben Hai River in Vietnam and Nguyễn Văn Hảo and Ngô Sy Van described a third species from Vietnam.

The name Tanichthys comes from the name of the Chinese Boy Scout leader, Tan Kam Fei, who discovered the first specimen.

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