Vaejovis is a genus of scorpions found from central Mexico to mountains in the southwestern United States in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona, and one species, Vaejovis carolinianus in the Appalachian region of the southeastern U.S. Many species are among the smallest scorpions in the U.S. with adults in montane species ranging in size from less than an inch (19 mm) to as large as 2.4 inches (60 mm) for the Chihuahuan Desert species, Vaejovis intermedius. As of the end of 2024, there is a total of 75 species with 21 of those occurring in the U.S., with several waiting to be described. Most of the smaller species in the American Southwest are restricted to higher elevations, most commonly in pine forests, in elevations from 5,000-9,500 feet (1500-2900 m). Their venom is relatively weak and are of no medical importance, although stings from larger species can be quite painful.

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