The Xanthopyreniaceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Collemopsidiales. Members of this family are found worldwide on rocks in various climates, from temperate to polar regions, where they form inconspicuous crusty growths or live hidden within the rock surface. Where lichenised, species partner with cyanobacteria, and several lineages are parasitic (lichenicolous) on other lichens. The family is characterized by small, dark fruiting bodies that release spores through a single opening at the top.

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