Astragalus octopus is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae, native to northeastern Iraq and western Iran. A thorny, cushion-forming perennial subshrub closely resembling Astragalus longifolius, it produces a high-quality gum tragacanth.

A slow-growing plant, it eventually reaches 20 to 40 cm (8 to 16 in). Its pollinators are bees and Lepidoptera.

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